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Saber Jamali; Hossein Ansari; Abbas Safarizadeh Sani
Abstract
To investigate the interaction of magnetic water and deficit irrigation on yield and yield components of marigold, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2019, using pot ...
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To investigate the interaction of magnetic water and deficit irrigation on yield and yield components of marigold, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2019, using pot culture with 3 replications. Treatments included 4 irrigation levels (100%, 85%, 70%, and 55% of field capacity) and 2 types of water (normal water and magnetic water). The results showed that different levels of irrigation on all traits (except physical water productivity which was significant at a 5% level) were significant (P <0.01). Effects of magnetic water on the dry weight of lateral branches and flowers, number of flowers and physical water productivity were significant (at P <0.01); and on the dry weight of flowering stems and leaves, number of leaves and lateral branches were also significant (at P <0.05). The interaction effect of the studied treatments was significant (P <0.01) on the number of leaves; and on the dry weight of roots, flowers, and flowering stems (P <0.05). The highest dry weights of leaves and flowering stems, number of flowers, number of leaves and lateral branches, height and physical water productivity were in irrigation with 100% field capacity and were, respectively, 1.77 and 0.37 g/plant, 7 and 6, 18.4 cm and 0.186 kg/m3. Also, reducing irrigation water by 15%, 30%, and 45% reduced the number of flowers by 25.7%, 32.8%, and 54.3%; and the physical water productivity by 18.8%, 21.5%, and 24.2%, respectively. The highest dry weight of flowers, roots, and lateral branches were observed in magnetic water + irrigation with 100% field capacity, as 0.29, 0.5, and 0.74 g/plant, respectively. The results showed that using a magnetic field increased flower yield and water productivity of Marigold plants under water stress. In this study, the best treatment was 0.6 teslas magnetized water+ 100%FC. However, to apply these stresses at the field level, more research is needed.
7
Saber Jamali; Hossein Ansari; Abbas Safarizadeh-sani
Abstract
Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is used for medicinal and food purposes. Its cultivation has economic importance, due to its ability to produce and store essential oil. This research was conducted to study the effect of deficit irrigation and magnetized water on yield and yield components of peppermint ...
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Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is used for medicinal and food purposes. Its cultivation has economic importance, due to its ability to produce and store essential oil. This research was conducted to study the effect of deficit irrigation and magnetized water on yield and yield components of peppermint in the experimental research greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, during 2018-19. We used a factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design with 3 replications. Irrigation levels consisted of 4 levels (100%, 85%, 70%, and 55% of plant water requirements) and magnetic field factors consisted of 3 levels (0, 0.3, and 0.6 teslas). The result showed that decrease of the water requirement by 15%, 30%, and 45% resulted in reduction of shoot fresh weights by 11.2%, 15.1%, and 36.5%, respectively. However, irrigation with magnetized water (0.3 teslas) under deficit irrigation levels (85%, 70%, and 55% of plant water requirements) resulted in the increase of shoot dry weights by 19.5%, 24.7%, and 66.4%, respectively. In general, the use of magnetic water under water stress enhanced plant growth and improved dry and wet shoot yield in peppermint compared to the control treatment under deficit irrigation conditions.
Saber Jamali; Hossin Ansari
Abstract
In this study, six irrigation treatments including well water (1.23 dS.m-1; control treatment), saline water (15 dS.m-1), alternate saline water and freshwater, mixture of 50:50 saline and freshwater (7.2 dS.m-1), subsurface irrigation with saline water (15 dS.m-1), and subsurface irrigation with well ...
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In this study, six irrigation treatments including well water (1.23 dS.m-1; control treatment), saline water (15 dS.m-1), alternate saline water and freshwater, mixture of 50:50 saline and freshwater (7.2 dS.m-1), subsurface irrigation with saline water (15 dS.m-1), and subsurface irrigation with well water (1.23 dS.m-1) were evaluated on some growth parameters, yield, and biochemical characteristics of Quinoa (CV. Titicaca). The research was done based on completely randomized design including 3 replications as pot planting in the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, in greenhouse conditions, during 2017-2018. The results showed that the effect of different irrigation regimes on total soluble carbohydrate in leaf and stem, root fresh weight, and root length was significant at 1 percent level (P<0.01), while the leaf and stem fresh weight were significant at 5 percent level (P<0.05). Subsurface irrigation with saline water decreased leaf, stem, root fresh weight; grain yield, 1000 kernel weights, total soluble carbohydrate in leaf and stem by about 14%, 12.1%, 47.9%, 6.5%, and 5.6 %, respectively. Also, total soluble carbohydrate in leaf and stem increased by about 55.3% and 70.09 %, respectively. The alternate irrigation treatment decreased leaf, stem, root fresh weight, grain yield, and 1000 kernel weight by 22.8%, 23.7%, 34.1%, 8.1%, and 7.7%, respectively. Irrigation with saline water (15 dS.m-1) during all of the growth stages decreased grain yield and 1000 kernel weights by 20.8% and 20.0 %, respectively. In this research, sub-surface irrigation treatment with freshwater was the optimum treatment with the highest yield. Thus, if saline water is used, alternate irrigation treatment is recommended.
alireza vahidi; amin alizadeh; amin baghizadeh; Hossein Ansari
Abstract
In order to study the effect of biofertilizers, chemical fertilizers, and water deficit stress on biological yield, lawsone content, and root colonization with mycorrhiza in henna[1] an experiment was conducted at research greenhouse of Bam University in 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. The treatments ...
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In order to study the effect of biofertilizers, chemical fertilizers, and water deficit stress on biological yield, lawsone content, and root colonization with mycorrhiza in henna[1] an experiment was conducted at research greenhouse of Bam University in 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. The treatments included fertilizers (without any fertilizer (), humic acid (), application of mycorrhizae and vermicompost (), vermicompost (), and chemical fertilizer () and water deficit levels (100% water requirement (I1), 80% W.R (I2), and 60% (I3). The treatments were arranged as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with fifteen treatments and three replications. Results showed that the highest weight of dry leaf, no. of leaves, and biological yield were obtained with application of mycorrhizae and vermicompost treatment under full irrigation (). With increasing stress severity, the highest weight of dry leaf (0.153g), no. of leaves (171), and plant height (120.33 cm) were obtained in , largest number of nodules (63) in (), and maximum biological yield (5.21 g/plant), total lawsone content (69.6 mg/g), and colonization with roots (82.2%) was obtained with application of mycorrhizae and vermicompost treatment under 60% water requirement i.e. treatment. It seems that biofertilizers can be considered as a replacement for chemical fertilizers in henna medicinal plant production. [1]- Lawsonia inermis
halimeh piri; Hossein Ansari; m p
Abstract
The main factor for managing and scheduling irrigation in dry area, is the plant response to drought stress. The majority of irrigation water in these areas contains soluble salts, therefore, salinity stress should be considered at the same time. Hence, this study was conducted in order to obtain ...
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The main factor for managing and scheduling irrigation in dry area, is the plant response to drought stress. The majority of irrigation water in these areas contains soluble salts, therefore, salinity stress should be considered at the same time. Hence, this study was conducted in order to obtain the optimum depth of irrigation, considering drought and salinity stress individually and simultaneously, at three cutting times of forage sorghum in Sistan plain.This experiment used split plot in time in a factorial design with three levels of salinity (2, 5, and 8 dS.m-1) and four irrigation levels (50%, 75%, 100%, and 120% water requirement) at three cutting stages, with three replications. The depth of the water was determined for salinity levels and at various cuttings. In order to determine the separate and combined effects of salinity and irrigation water, the following criteria were used were used in each cutting: the index of final production compared to irrigation water depth (MPI), the final production compared to the salinity (MPECw), marginal rate of technical replacement for salinity and water (MRTSI, ECw ), the final output value of the irrigation water depth (VMPI), and the final output value of the salinity (VMPECw). MPI index showed that for each one centimeter increase in irrigation water depth, the first cutting had the least change in production(1.22 ton.ha-1) and the third cutting had the maximum amount (9.2 ton.ha-1). MPECw index showed that in the low salinity treatments, the second and third cuttings had, respectively, the lowest and the highest yield loss. MRTS index showed that in order for production to stay the same with one unit increase in salinity, the irrigation water depth must increase in the first, second, and third cuttings by, respectively, 5.86, 1.97 and 1.72 centimeter. Also, with increasing salinity levels in the all three cutting, optimum irrigation depth increased and in the all salinity levels, optimum irrigation depth in the first cutting was more than the second cutting, and in the second cutting it was more than the third cutting.
halimeh piri; Hossein Ansari; m p
Abstract
Water stress and salinity are among the problems of agricultural production in many parts of the world. In this study, the effect of salinity (2, 5 and 8 dS/m), different irrigation levels (120%, 100%, 75%, and 50% of water requirement) and three harvesting times (cuttings) were investigated on some ...
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Water stress and salinity are among the problems of agricultural production in many parts of the world. In this study, the effect of salinity (2, 5 and 8 dS/m), different irrigation levels (120%, 100%, 75%, and 50% of water requirement) and three harvesting times (cuttings) were investigated on some qualitative and quantitative parameters of sorghum silage in the Sistan region. The study was carried out using a factorial split plot design with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that increasing salinity and irrigation water depth decreased fresh and dry matter yield. However, no significant difference was observed between 100% and 75% crop water requirement treatments. Also, treatments with 2 and 5 dS/m salinity were not significantly different in feed production. Furthermore, the fresh and dry forage yields were higher in the second cutting than in the first and third harvesting. Decrease in irrigation water and increase in salinity decreased protein but increased carbohydrate and proline. The highest amount of protein (16.79 percent) was obtained in the second harvesting and at the salinity of 2 dS/m, while the highest amount of carbohydrates (10.79 mg/gFW) and proline (0.42 mg/gFW) belonged to the third harvesting with salinity of 8 dS/m. By increasing salinity in irrigation water and with the passage of time during the growing season, soil salinity increased and distribution of salinity in the soil profile was more uniform in the treatments that had no water stress. Thus, according to the results, 25% of the plant water consumption can be saved and irrigation with 75% of water requirement and salinity of 5 dS/m would have no significant effect on the amount of forage produced. The best forage quality for livestock consumption was obtained in the second harvesting. However, this experiment was done in one growing season and in the long time reduction in the amount of water and the use of salt water can cause soil salinization and accumulation of salts in the soil. Therefore, it is recommended that the experiment be repeated in the future, before making a final decision about reducing irrigation water.
a f; h a; m k; a a; m m
Abstract
Almost all districts of the country are experiencing quantitative and qualitative decline of agricultural water resources. Considering the extensive expansion of greenhouse cultivation and importance of tomato production, and in order to evaluate the combined effect of salinity and drought stress on ...
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Almost all districts of the country are experiencing quantitative and qualitative decline of agricultural water resources. Considering the extensive expansion of greenhouse cultivation and importance of tomato production, and in order to evaluate the combined effect of salinity and drought stress on growth and yield of tomato plant (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill. Cv. Oriental), four levels of irrigation (125% ETc, 100% ETc, 75% ETc and 50% ETc) and six levels of salinity (0.1, 1.3, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS/m) were factorially combined in a completely randomized design with 3 replication in a greenhouse soilless culture. Yield and its indexes were measured during the crop growing season. As expected, results indicated that salinity of the nutrient solution and drought stress had significant negative effects on yield and growth indexes of plant. Yield data were fitted on different production functions (simple linear, logarithmic linear, quadratic, and transcendental). The results indicated that the simple linear form was the optimum form. The S1W4 treatment (EC= 0.1 dS/m, and 50% ETc) with 34.6 kg/m3 and S5W1 treatment (EC= 7 dS/m, and 125% ETc) with 6.4 kg/m3 had the highest and lowest water use efficiency, respectively. The iso-yield curves showed that by increasing irrigation water amounts, water with higher salinity can be applied without changing the yield.
n s; a a; h a; j h
Abstract
To study the effects of using plastic mulch on soil moisture and salinity changes under drip irrigation system in mature pistachio trees (Ohadi cultivar), a research was conducted in a randomized complete block design in two orchards with different treatments in terms of water consumption (4100 and 6170 ...
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To study the effects of using plastic mulch on soil moisture and salinity changes under drip irrigation system in mature pistachio trees (Ohadi cultivar), a research was conducted in a randomized complete block design in two orchards with different treatments in terms of water consumption (4100 and 6170 m3/ha), irrigation frequency (8 and 12 days), and trees growth. The study was carried out in the western suburbs of Rafsanjan, Iran. In each of the orchards, three mulch treatments including: without mulch (treatment C), black-and-white plastic mulch (treatments MB, MW), with three replications were used. At the end of the season, data on growth characteristics, quality and quantity of the product, and water use productivity (WUP), were averaged and compared using Duncan multiple range test to determine the effects of using plastic mulch on these traits. The results showed significant effect of plastic mulch on all growth factors, quantity and quality of yield, and water use productivity. Moreover, in most cases, the color of mulch did not affect these traits. Overall, using plastic mulch in orchard 1 increased the dry product up to 271 g per tree, reduced blanking to 10.6 percent, increased splitting by 11.2 percent, reduced the number of grains per ounce of pistachios by 2.3 units, and increased the water use productivity by 100 percent compared to the control. Also, in orchard 2, plastic mulch increased the dry product upto 1090 g per tree and increased the water use productivity by 36 percent compared to the control. Measurement of soil moisture changes in between two consecutive irrigations indicated significant effect of mulching on conserving soil moisture in comparison with the control. Considering the Permanent Wilting Point (PWP) and Readily Available Water (RAW) of the experimental soils, proper irrigation frequency for pistachio trees in uncovered loamy sand to sandy loam soils under drip irrigation is 5 to 9 days, and in the use of plastic mulch, it is 11 to 15 days.
m m; k d; b gh; h a; a h
Abstract
Crop growth simulation models have been developed for predicting the effects of water and salinity on grain and biomass yields and water productivity of different crops. These models are calibrated and validated for different regions using the data generated from field. This study was carried in Mashhad ...
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Crop growth simulation models have been developed for predicting the effects of water and salinity on grain and biomass yields and water productivity of different crops. These models are calibrated and validated for different regions using the data generated from field. This study was carried in Mashhad for two years (2010 and 2011) in order to evaluate the AquaCrop model under simultaneous salinity and water stress. Calibration was done using the data of 2009-2010 and validation with the data of 2010-2011.Results indicated that AquaCrop successfully simulated yield, biomass, water productivity, harvest index, soil moisture and salinity profiles for spring wheat under salinity and water-limiting treatments with high accuracy, although simulation of harvest index and soil salinity profiles were less accurate. Average value of normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), maximum error (ME), index of agreement (d), coefficient of the residual mass (CRM) and coefficient of determination (R2) in both the calibration and verification were 13.3 %, 36.1 %, 0.95, -0.072, and 0.87, respectively, for grain yield, while these measures were 12.59%, 34.46%, 0.92, 0.057, and 0.77, respectively, for biomass. Also, value of NRMSE, ME, d and CRM were 11.84 %, 25.72 %, 0.93, and 0.032, respectively, for soil moisture, while these measures were 26.25%, 58.5%, 0.91 and -0.12, respectively, for soil salinity. Sensitivity analysis revealed that crop transpiration coefficient (KC-Tr), normalized crop water productivity (WP*), reference harvest index (HIO), volumetric water content at field capacity, soil water content at saturation[S1] , and air temperature were the most sensitive parameters. Although the accuracy of the model simulation decreased with increasing salinity and water stress, AquaCrop can be a valuable model for simulating spring wheat yield and soil water content and salinity in Mashhad region, because the model requires few input data which can be readily available or easily collected. [S1]This is probably”initial conditions” and not saturation.
a f; h a; m k; a a; m m
Abstract
In order to investigate the economics of simultaneous effect of salinity anddrought stress on growth and yield of tomato plant (LycopersiconesculentumMill.Cv. Oriental), four levels of irrigation (125% ET, 100%ET, 75%ET and 50%ET)and six levels of salinity (0.1, 1.3, 3, 5, 7, and 9 dS/m) were combined ...
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In order to investigate the economics of simultaneous effect of salinity anddrought stress on growth and yield of tomato plant (LycopersiconesculentumMill.Cv. Oriental), four levels of irrigation (125% ET, 100%ET, 75%ET and 50%ET)and six levels of salinity (0.1, 1.3, 3, 5, 7, and 9 dS/m) were combined in afactorial and completely randomized design with 3 replication in a greenhousesoilless culture. Economic model of deficit irrigation optimization was extractedand used for growing tomato in a greenhouse under salinity and drought stresses.The results of this model showed that the net profit of full irrigation of tomato insoilless culture in greenhouse using water of 0.1, 1.3, and 3 dS/m was equal to thenet profit of deficit irrigation at 36%, 21%, and 24%, respectively. Thus,considering the large number of tomato greenhouses with soilless production andvery high price of chemical fertilizers and other costs related to plant nutrition andirrigation, applying approximately 25% deficit irrigation will cause acorresponding reduction in total costs of production, which is economicallysignificant.
m n; h a; m a; a z
Abstract
Basil (Ocimumbasilicum L.) is one of the important plants belonging to the genusfamily Lamiaceae (Labiatae), which is used as herbs, spices, and as well as freshvegetables. The present study was conducted to investigate the interaction ofdeficit irrigation, soil texture, and fertilization on yield components ...
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Basil (Ocimumbasilicum L.) is one of the important plants belonging to the genusfamily Lamiaceae (Labiatae), which is used as herbs, spices, and as well as freshvegetables. The present study was conducted to investigate the interaction ofdeficit irrigation, soil texture, and fertilization on yield components and vegetativegrowth of basil variety Keshkeniluvelou, using a factorial experiment based onrandomized complete block design (RCBD) with 18 treatments and 3 replications.Deficit irrigation treatments consisted of three levels of irrigation includingI1=100%, I2=75%, and I3=50% of ETc, and soil texture included sandy loam andloamy soil. Also, 3 fertilizer treatments with 100 percent of the recommended rate(including macro- and micronutrients) (F1), 70 percent (F2), and no fertilizer (F3)were applied to each pot. The ANOVA results showed that effect of irrigation wassignificant, soil texture and fertilizer were not significant, and interaction of soiltexture and fertilizer were significant on plant height, leaf area , leaf dry weight,stem dry weight, and fresh weight of basil, respectively. The tallest plant height(31.42cm), leaf area (109.21cm2), leaf dry weight (0.97 gr), stem dry weight(2.24 gr), and fresh weight of leaf (5.12gr) was obtained in S1I1F3 treatment andthe lowest in the S1I3F3 treatment. Also, the highest seed weight per plant(2.41gr), number of seeds per plant (1822.3), thousand seed weight (1.447gr), andseed yield (42.13 gr/m2) were obtained in the treatment having loamy soil texture,full irrigation, and 100% of the recommended fertilizer rate (S2I1F1), whichshowed the effect of fertilizer on improving the yield of basil.